Introduction to Linux Filesystems

In this session, you'll about Linux filesystems.

Formatting and Filesystems

Before a raw disk can be used in Linux, it must undergo a process known as formatting. This process involves writing a filesystem to the disk, which is essential for organizing data and managing file operations.

What is a Filesystem?

A filesystem is a method of structuring and controlling how data is stored and retrieved from a storage device. Without a filesystem, the storage device would be unusable for standard file operations.

Popular Filesystems in Linux

• Ext4 : The default choice for many Linux distributions, Ext4 is a journaled filesystem known for its stability and comprehensive support.
• XFS : Optimized for performance, especially with large files and disks, XFS is a good choice for systems that handle large data volumes.
• Btrfs : A modern filesystem with advanced features like integrated volume management, snapshots, and cloning.
• ZFS : A robust filesystem with features similar to Btrfs, including data integrity checks and support for large storage configurations.

Filesystems from Other Operating Systems

• NTFS and ExFAT : Primarily used by Windows.
• HFS+ and APFS : Used by macOS.

While Linux can read and sometimes write to these filesystems, additional compatibility tools may be required.